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插图第一部分
第1页：（上）The Sperm Whale in a Flurry , hand-colored lithograph by Nathaniel Currier,1852. Springfield Museums; (下)Mahantango Valley Farm , American, late 19th century.National Gallery of Art/NGA Images.
第2页：（上）ukartpics/Alamy Stock Photo; （下）map by Jacob Abbott Cummings as part of his Atlas of Ancient and Modern Geography, 1816. Yana & Marty Davis Map Collection,Museum of the Big Bend.
第3页：（上） Pat Lyon at the Forge , painting by John Neagle, 1827. Museum of Fine Arts,Boston; （下）undated illustration of Samuel Slater’s mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The Joseph Bucklin Society.
第4页：Advertisement for the McCormick reaper and twine binder. Front page of The Abilene Reflector (Abilene, Kansas), May 29, 1884. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.
第5页：Drawing from Eli Whitney’s patent for the cotton gin, March 14, 1794. Records of the Patent and Trademark Office, National Archives.
第6页：（上）Broadside of Sheriff’s Sale, notice about a sale of slaves (facsimile), August 13, 1845. Missouri Historical Society; （下）illustration of the Erie Canal from “Summer Excursion Routes,” catalogue by Sunshine Publishing Company, Philadelphia, 1881.Digitized by the Sloan Foundation. Library of Congress.
第7页：The room in the McLean House, at Appomattox Court House, in which General Lee surrendered to General Grant. Lithograph. Major & Knapp, Library of Congress.
第8页：（左上） Library of Congress via Corbis Historical/Getty; （右上） photo 12/Alamy Stock Photo; （左下）photograph of prospector by L. C. McClure, 1850. Wikimedia Commons.
第9页：Advertisement for the Pony Express, then owned by Wells, Fargo & Company, 1861.Smithsonian National Postal Museum.
第10页：Artist W. H. Jackson; photo MPI via Getty.
第11页：American Progress by John Gast, 1872. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.
第12页：（上）Photograph of Engine No. 133, U.S. Military R.R., City Point, Virginia, by Mathew Brady, ca. 1860–1865. U.S. National Archives; （下）Everett Collection Inc./Alamy Stock Photo.
第13页：The Great East River Suspension Bridge , published by Currier & Ives, New York.Chromolithograph, 1883. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.
第14页：Illustrations of operations in a steel mill by Alfred R. Waud. Wood engraving, 1876.Library of Congress.
第15页：（上）Bettmann via Getty; （下）Buyenlarge via Archive Photos/Getty.
第16页：（上）KGPA Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo; （下）Interim Archives via Archive Photos/Getty.
插图第二部分
第1页：（上）Photograph of John Pierpont Morgan, circa 1902. Library of Congress; （下） photograph of John D. Rockefeller. Studio portrait by Oscar White. 360.org.
第2页：（上）Photograph of Andrew Carnegie, circa 1913. Library of Congress; （下）1902 photograph of John J. Hill by Pach Brothers; published in The World’s Work: A History of Our Time, Doubleday, Page & Company, 1916. Uni versity of Toronto.
第3页：（上） Photograph of Thomas Edison in his lab. U.S. Department of Energy; （下） photograph of William Jennings Bryan and group by Harris & Ewing, 1908. Library of Congress.
第4页：Photograph of William Jennings Bryan at the 1908 Democratic National Convention,1908. Library of Congress.
第5页：Stock montage via Getty.
第6页：（上）Bettmann via Getty; （下）workers installing engines on the Ford Model T assembly line at the High land Park plant, 1913. Ford Motor Company.
第7页：（上）Everett Collection Inc/Alamy Stock Photo; （下）The New York Historical Society via Getty.
第8页：（上）Fox Photos via Hulton Archive/Getty; （下）Rolls Press/Popperfoto via Getty.
第9页：Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photo.
第10页：Universal Images Group via Getty.
第11页：（上）Sheldon Dick via Hulton Archive/Getty; （下）ClassicStock/Alamy Stock Photo.
第12页：（上）Library of Congress via Corbis Historical/Getty; （下）Corbis Historical via Getty.
第13页：（上）Courtesy of the Advertising Archives; （下）Bettmann via Getty.
第14页：（上）Hulton Archive via Getty; (center) ClassicStock/Alamy Stock Photo; （下）Tim Boyle via Getty.
第15页：（上）Universal History Archive via Getty; (center) Courtesy of the Advertising Archives;（下）INTER FOTO/Alamy Stock Photo.
第16页：（上）Kenneth Cantrell via ZUMA; （下）Stefano Politi Markovina/Alamy Stock Photo.
图 表
图1–1：Discount on Continental Currency vs. Amount Outstanding: Eric P. Newman, The Early Paper Money of Amer ica, Fifth Edition . Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications, 2008,pp. 61–71, 481.
图1–2：Nonfarm Business Operating Rate: National Bureau of Economic Research, Index of American Business Activ ity for United States ［M12003USM516NNBR］, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M12003USM516NNBR. Federal Reserve Board, Institute for Supply Management, U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis.
图2–1：Average Price of Prime Field Hand in New Orleans: Susan B. Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael R. Haines, Alan L. Olmstead, Richard Sutch, and Gavin Wright,editors, Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition . New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Series Bb209, vol. 2, p. 381.
表2–1：Taxable Property in the Confederacy, by State: 1861: Historical Statistics , series Eh50 and Eh57, vol. 5, p. 787.
图2–2：Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita: Richard Sutch, “National Income and Product,”in Historical Statistics ; Richard Easterlin, “Interregional Differences in Per Capita Income,Population, and Total Income, 1840–1950,” in The Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century , Princeton: Princeton University Press,1960; Peter H. Lindert and Jeffrey G. Williamson, “American Incomes 1774–1860,” in NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 18396, National Bureau of Economic Research: 2012. Re trieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w18396.pdf; Willard Long Thorp and Hildegarde E. Thorp, “The Annals of the United States of America,” in Willard Long Thorp, Business Annals , National Bureau of Economic Research, 1926.
图2–3：Confederate Money Stock and Price Level: Historical Statistics , series Eh118 and Eh128, vol. 5, pp. 792–793.
表2–2：Farms and Farm Output in the Confederate States: Historical Statistics, series Eh8–Eh39, vol. 5, pp. 784–785.
图3–1：Nonfarm Business Productivity and Innovation: See discussion in Appendix: Data and Methodology.
图3–2：Miles of Railroad Built: Historical Statistics , series Df882, Df883, and Df884, vol. 4, p.917; Historical Statistics , series Df928, vol. 4, p. 923.
图3–3：Wholesale Price of Bessemer Steel: Historical Statistics , series Cc244, vol. 3, p. 213.
图3–4：Price of Kerosene and Crude Oil: Ethel D. Hoover, “Retail Prices After 1850,” in The Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century , Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960; National Bureau of Economic Research, http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html,Series 04091 and 04182, U.S. Energy Information Administration.
图4–1：Wholesale Price of Steel: Historical Statistics , series Cc244 and Cc245, vol. 3, p. 213.
图4–2：U.S. Patents Issued for Inventions: Historical Statistics , series Cg31, Cg32, and Cg33,vol. 3, p. 427.
图5–1、图5–2：U.S. Government Expenditures and U.S. Federal Government Expenditures:See discussion in Appendix: Data and Methodology.
图5–3：U.S. Voter Participation Rate: Historical Statistics , series Eb153, vol. 5, p. 173; U.S.Census Bureau, Federal Election Commission.
图5–4：Prices and Wages: Historical Statistics , series Ba4218, vol. 2, p. 256; Historical Statistics ,series Ca13, vol. 3, p. 23; Historical Statistics , series Cc86, vol. 3, p. 175; Historical Statistics , series Cc114, vol. 3, p. 181.
图6–1：Workers Involved in Strikes: Historical Statistics , series Ba4955 and Ba4962, vol. 2,pp. 354–355.
图6–2：U.S. Ad Spending: https://galbithink.org/ad-spending.htm.
图7–1：Dow Jones Industrial Average: The Wall Street Journal.
图7–2：U.S. Official Gold Reserves: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, various years, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/194; International Monetary Fund.
图7–3：Union Membership: Historical Statistics , series Ba4783 and Ba4788, vol. 2, p. 336.
图8–1：U.S. Workers Employed in Manufacturing: Historical Statistics , series Dd4 and Dd5,vol. 4, p. 579; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
图8–2：U.S. Foreign-Born Population: Historical Statistics , series Aa22 and Aa32, vol. 1, p.36.
图9–1：Growth Rate of Private Business Output per Hour: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
图9–2：U.S. Official Gold Reserves: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, various years, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/194; International Monetary Fund.
图9–3：U.S. Motor Vehicle Sales by Origin: Historical Statistics , series Df347, Df348, Df350,and Df351, vol. 4, p. 832; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; Thomas H. Klier, “From Tail Fins to Hybrids: How Detroit Lost Its Dominance of the U.S. Auto Market,” in Economic Perspectives, vol. 33, no. 2, 2009, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; Ward’s Automotive Yearbook, 2012 , Ward’s Automotive Group, Penton Media Inc., Southfield, Michigan,2012.
图9–4：U.S. Steel Statistics: U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, iron and steel statistics, in T. D.Kelly and G. R. Matos, comps.; historical statistics for mineral and material commodities in the United States, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 140, retrieved from http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/historical-statistics/.
图10–1、图10–2：U.S. Consumption of Selected* Mineral Commodities: U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, various statistics, T. D. Kelly and G. R. Matos, comps.; historical statistics for mineral and material commodities in the United States, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 140, retrieved from http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/historical-statistics/.
图11–1：U.S. Imports by Country of Origin: International Monetary Fund.
图11–2：U.S. Business Sector Productivity Growth: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
图12–1：Gross Domestic Savings and Government Social Benefits: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
图12–2：Capital Stock and Productivity: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
图12–3：Share of Cash Flow Businesses Choose to Convert into Fixed Assets: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; National Bureau of Economic Research.
图12–4：Pages in the Code of Federal Regulations: George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center.
图12–5：Federal Debt Held by the Public: Congressional Budget Office.
图13–1：U. S. Commercial Banks: Office of the Computer of the Currency; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.