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■注释
1.See J.R.Pole,The Pursuit of Equality in American History（Berkeley and Los Angeles：University of California Press，1978），pp.51-58.
2.Alexis de Tocqueville,Democracy in America，2 vols.，2d ed.，trans.Henry Reeve,ed.Francis Bowen（Boston：John Allyn,Publisher，1863），vol.I,pp.66-67.（First French edition published in 1835.）
3.Ibid.，pp.67-68.
4.See Smith,The Russians,and Kaiser,Russia：The People and the Power.Nick Eberstadt，“Has China Failed?”The New York Review of Books,April 5，1979，p.37，notes，“In China，……income distribution seems very roughly to have been the same since 1953.”
5.Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz,Culture and the City（Lexington：University Press of Kentucky，1976），pp.ix.x.
6.Ibid.，pp.212 and 31.
7.“The Forgotten Man，”in Albert G.Keller and Maurice R.Davis,eds.，Essays of William G.Sumner（New Haven：Yale University Press，1934），vol.I,pp.46-66.
8.Robert Nozick，“Who Would Choose Socialism?”Reason,May 1978，pp.22-23.
9.Wealth of Nations,vol.I,p.325（Book II,Chap.III）.
10.See Smith,The Russians,and Kaiser,Russia,The People and the Power.
11.John Stuart Mill,The Principles of Political Economy（1848），9th ed.（London：Longmans,Green＆Co.，1886），vol.II,p.332（Book IV,Chap.VI）.