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■注释
1.John Stuart Mill,Principles of Political Economy,vol.II,p.9(Book III,chap.VII).
2.Andrew White,Money and Banking(Boston:Ginn&Co.,1896),pp.4 and 6.
3.Robert Chalmers,A History of Currency in the British Colonies(London:Printed for H.M.Stationery Office by Eyre&Spottiswoode,1893),p.6 in.,quoting from a still earlier publication.
4.A.Hinston Quiggin,A Survey of Primitive Money(London:Methuen,1949),p.316.
5.White,Money and Banking,pp.9-10.
6.C.P.Nettels,The Money Supply of the American Colonies before 1720(Madison:University of Wisconsin,1934),p.213.
7.White,Money and Banking,p.10.
8.Paul Einzig,Primitive Money,2nd ed.,rev.and enl.(Oxford and New York:Pergamon Press,1966),p.281.
9.See Chapter 2.
10.See Phillip Cagan,“The Monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation,”in Milton Friedman,ed.,Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1956),p.26.
11.Eugene M.Lerner,“Inflation in the Confederacy,1861-65,”in M.Friedman,Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money,p.172.
12.Elgin Groseclose,Money and Man(New York:Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.,1961),p.38.
13.John Maynard Keynes,The Economic Consequences of the Peace(New York:Harcourt,Brace&Howe,1920),p.236.
14.Robert L.Schuettinger and Eamon F.Butler,Forty Centuries of Wage and Price Controls(Washington,D.C.:Heritage Foundation,1979).
15.原因是一项试图维持日元对美元的固定汇率的政策。日元受到升值的压力,为了对付这种压力,日本当局用新创造的日元购进美元,从而增加了货币供应量。从原则上说,日本当局可以用其他办法抵消增加的供应量,但并没有那么做。