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本章小结
投资者会发现对于构建一个多元化、股票型的投资组合,所有的投资工具都是必需的,这种投资组合的核心资产包括国内股票、国外发达市场股票、新兴市场股票、美国国债、通货膨胀保值债券以及房地产。国内股票是投资收益的主要推动因素,房地产也起了辅助作用。传统债券和与通货膨胀相关的债券让投资组合变得多元化,房地产也起了推动作用。通过将各种核心资产类别放到一个多元化的投资组合中,并且采取有广泛代表性的指数化方法来持有这些核心资产,就为投资者取得投资成功奠定了牢固的基础。
在赋予投资组合基本的、重要的且不同于其他投资组合的特性时,核心资产依靠的是市场带来的收益。通过投资由市场力量驱动收益的资产类别,投资者会有很强的信心,认为持有多种大类资产可以创造出预期中的长期收益。通过避免依赖更高一筹的主动管理来产生收益的资产,投资者就能明显降低某一资产类别实际表现与预期表现发生偏离所带来的风险。
核心资产类别在有广度、有深度、有投资价值的市场上进行交易,保证了华尔街公司都能合理地参与其中。由此产生的竞争会让市场变得更加透明和高效,投资者就更有可能以公平的条款进行交易。
在确定了关键的核心资产类别之后,投资者可以把它们放在一个旨在满足财务目标的投资组合框架中。通过构建一种低风险、高预期收益的投资组合,投资者为实现投资成功创造了机会。
注释
[1]Ibbotson Associates,Stocks,Bonds,Bills,and Inflation 2004 Yearbook(Chicago:Ibbotson Associates,2003):28.
[2]Jeremy Siegel,Stocks for the Long Run (New York:McGraw Hill,2002):6.
[3]William N.Goetzmann and Philippe Jorion,“A Century of Global Stock Markets,” NBER Working Paper Series,Working Paper 5901 (National Bureau of Economic Research,1997),16.
[4]Robert Arnott,“Dividends and the Three Dwarfs,” Financial Analysts Journal 59,no.2,(2003):4.
[5] James K.Glassman and Kevin A.Hassett,Dow 36,000:The New Strategy for Profiting from the Coming Rise in the Stock Market (New York:Random House,1999).
[6]Siegel,Stocks for the Long Run,210.
[7]“Jacks Booty,” editorial,Wall Street Journal,10 September 2002.
[8]Leslie Wayne and Alex Kuczynski,“Tarnished Image Places Welch in Unlikely Company,”New York Times,16 September 2002.
[9]David Leonhardt,“Reining in the Imperial C.E.O.,” New York Times,15 September 2002.
[10]Stephanie Strom,“In Charity,Where does a C.E.O.End and a Company Start?” New York Times,22 September 2002.
[11] Stephanie Strom,“In Charity,Where does a C.E.O.End and a Company Start?” New York Times,22 September 2002.
[12]Gretchen Morgenson and Patrick McGeehan,“Wall St.and the Nursery School:A New York Story,” New York Times,14 November 2002.
[13]Steve Lohr and Joel Brinkley,“Microsoft Management Tells Workers There Will Be No Breakup,”New York Times,26 April 2000.
[14]Jathon Sapsford and Ken Brown,“J.P.Morgan Rolls Dice on Microsoft Options,” Wall Street Journal,9 July 2003.
[15]市盈率:一种股票估值方法,用公司的每股股价除以每股盈利。
[16]股票与账面价值比:一种股票估值方法,用公司的每股股价除以每股的账面价值(总资产减去总负债)。
[17]数据来自威尔逊协会(Wilshire Associates)。
[18]Ibbotson Associates,2004 Yearbook,224,234.
[19]债券的存续期:用来衡量债券的价格对利率的敏感度。它能比债券期限更好地衡量债券的存在期限,因为存续期包含对息票的支付,并且根据现金流的发生时间做适时调整。
[20]Carole Gould,“Better Understanding of Bonds,” New York Times,27 August 1995.
[21]Publicdebt.treas.gov,“Treasury Calls 8-1/4 Percent Bonds of 2000-05,”http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/com/com114c l.htm.
[22]Bureau of the Public Debt.Press Release of January 15,2004:“Treasury Calls 9-1/8 Percent Bonds of 2004-09.”
[23]到期收益率:投资者买入并持有债券至到期日的预期收益率。
[24] Treas.gov,“Key Initiatives,”http://www.treas.gov/offices/domestic-finance/key-initiatives/ tips.html.
[25]数据来自投资公司协会(Investment Company Institute)。外国股权类别包括国际股权、新兴市场股权和地区股权,但不包括全球股权。
[26] Stephen J.Brown,William N.Goetzmann,and Stephen A.Ross,“Survival,” The Journal of Finance 50,no.3 (1995).
[27] 数据来自彭博(Bl oombe r g)、雷曼直播(Lehman Li v e)、全国房地产投资信托协会(Na t i ona l Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts)。
[28]National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts,“Forming and Operating a Real Estate Investment Trust,” http://www.nareit.com/aboutreits/formingaREIT.cfm.
[29]Green Street Advisors,“REIT Share Price Premiums to Green Street NAV Estimates,” http:// www.greenstreetadvisors.com/premnav.html.
[30] PR Newswire,“Wells Real Estate Fund Launches New Wells REIT Ⅱ Offering of Up to $7.76 Billion,” 2 December 2003.
[31] Financial Advisor Magazine,“Frontline News,” http://financialadvisormagazine.com/articles/ nov_2003_frontline.html.
[32]Wells Investment Securities,Inc.,Prospectus for Wells Real Estate Investment Trust,Inc.,26 July 2002:50.
[33]Wells Investment Securities,Inc.,Prospectus for Wells Real Estate Investment Trust,Inc.,26 July 2002:59.
[34]Wells Investment Securities,Inc.,Prospectus for Wells Real Estate Investment Trust,Inc.,26 July 2002:13.
[35]Ibid.,21.
[36]Wells Investment Securities,Inc.,Prospectus for Wells Real Estate Investment Trust,Inc.,26 July 2002:57.
[37]Ibid.,6.
[38]Wells Investment Securities,Inc.,Prospectus for Wells Real Estate Investment Trust,Inc.,26 July 2002:6.
[39]Inland Western Retail Real Estate Trust,Inc.,Prospectus,15 September 2003,46.
[40]Terry Pristin,“Commercial Real Estate;So-Called Private REITs Are Gaining Ground,and Their Share of Critics,” New York Times,4 August 2004.
[41]TIAA-CREF,College Retirement Equities Fund Prospectus,1 May 2003:27.
[42]The Vangard Group,Vanguard REIT Index Fund Investor Shares Prospectus,25 November 2003:3.
[43]Wel ls Real Estate Funds,Wells STP REIT Index Fund Prospectus,25 November 2003:3.