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第8章
1.Franz Kafka,The Trial,trans.Breon Mitchell(New York:Schocken Books,1998).
2.Information Philosopher,“Determinism,”http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/determinism.html(accessed October 5,2011).
3.See,for example,B.F.Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity(1976)and About Behaviorism(1971).
4.News Staff,“The Big Bang Clock:A Thermodynamic Theory for the Origin of the Universe,”Scientifc Blogging,November 2,2007,http://www.scientifi cblogging.com/news_account/the_big_bang_clock_a_thermodynamic_theory_for_the_origin_of_the_universe(accessed October 5,2011).
5.Among many works on this idea,a good starting point is Alan H.Guth,The Infl ationary Universe,(New York:Addison-Wesley 1997).
6.Brian Greene,The Elegant Universe(New York:Random House,2000),203-204.
7.Adapted from Alan Hajek's“Pascal's Wager,”Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(May 2,1998;revised June 4,2008).
8.“Vatican Announces Results of Pascal's Wager,”Sneer Review,August 10,2009,http://sneerreview.blogspot.com/2009/08/vatican-announces-final-results-of.html(accessed October 5,2011).
9.Hajek,“Pascal's Wager.”
10.Lawrence C.Strauss,“An Interview with Burton Malkiel,”Barron's,July 7,2009.Reprinted at SmartMoney.com,http://www.smartmoney.com/invest/funds/an-interview-with-burton-malkiel/?zone=intromessage(accessed October 5,2011).
11.Burton G.Malkiel and Atanu Saha,“Hedge Funds:Risk and Return,”Financial Analysts Journal 61,no.6(2005):80-88.
12.Rajesh K.Aggarwal and Philippe Jorion,“Hidden Survivorship in Hedge Fund Returns,”Financial Analysts Journal 66,no.2(March/April 2010).
13.Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary(Indianapolis:Wiley,2003).
14.Bloomberg,2009,Global Capital Markets League Tables.
15.Gretchen Morgenson,“‘100%Protected’Isn't as Safe as It Sounds,”New York Times,May 21,2010,BU 1.